Mrakia
Mrakia Y. Yamada & Komag., in Journal of General and Applied Microbiology Tokyo 33 (5): 456 (1987)
Diagnostic characters: Basidiocarps absent. Pseudohyphae occasionally produced, branched. True hyphae occasionally produced. Clamp connections present. Sexual reproduction observed in some species. Teliospores terminal or intercalary produced, developing directly from a single cell; teliospores germination by formation of short (8–12μm), tubular holometabasidia or phragmobasidia. Budding cells present. Chlamydospores and ballistoconidiamay be present. Glucose and sucrose may be fermented. Nitrate and nitrite usually utilized. Major CoQ Systems CoQ-8, CoQ-9 or CoQ-10.
Index Fungorum number: IF25264
Type species: Mrakia frigida (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag., Journal of General and Applied Microbiology Tokyo 33 (5): 457 (1987)
Notes: Mrakia curviuscula is excluded from the emended genus Mrakia because this species forms a distinct clade together with the anamorph species Cryptococcus huempii (Liu et al. 2015). The genus Mrakiella was proposed for anamorphic species closely related to Mrakia (Margesin & Fell 2008). The three Mrakiella species are transferred here to the genus Mrakia. The affinity of Mrakiella cryoconiti, which was not included in the seven-genes phylogeny, to Mrakia is shown in the trees obtained from the LSU rRNA gene sequences in this study (Fig. 3) as well as in Boekhout et al.(2011a) and Weiss et al. (2014).
Species
Mrakia aquatica (E.B.G. Jones & Slooff) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia arctica M. Tsuji 2018
Mrakia blollopsis Thomas-Hall 2010
Mrakia cryoconiti (Margesin & Fell) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia fibulata A.M. Yurkov & B. Turchetti 2019
Mrakia frigida (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) Y. Yamada & Komag. 1987
Mrakia hoshinonis M. Tsuji, Y. Tanabe, W.F. Vincent & Mas. Uchida 2019
Mrakia montana B. Turchetti & P. Buzzini 2020
Mrakia niccombsii (Thomas-Hall) Xin Zhan Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout 2015
Mrakia panshiensis R.R. Jia & F.L. Hui 2020
Mrakia psychrophila M.X. Xin & P.J. Zhou 2007
Mrakia robertii Thomas-Hall & Turchetti 2010
Mrakia stelviica B. Turchetti & P. Buzzini 2020
Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Cystofilobasidiales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa in Tremellomycetes (major lineages) obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Reference:
Boekhout, T., Fonseca, A., Sampaio, J. P., Bandoni, R. J., Fell, J. W., & Kwon-Chung, K. J. (2011). Discussion of teleomorphic and anamorphic basidiomycetous yeasts. In The Yeasts (pp. 1339-1372). Elsevier.
Liu, X. Z., Wang, Q. M., Theelen, B., Groenewald, M., Bai, F. Y., & Boekhout, T. (2015). Phylogeny of tremellomycetous yeasts and related dimorphic and filamentous basidiomycetes reconstructed from multiple gene sequence analyses. Studies in mycology, 81, 1-26.
Liu, X.-Z; Wang, Q.-M; Göker, M; Groenewald, M; Kachalkin, A.V; Lumbsch, H.T; Millanes, A.M; Wedin, M; Yurkov,A.M; Boekhout,T; Bai, F.-Y. 2015. Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes. Studies in Mycology. 81:85-147
Margesin, R., & Fell, J. W. (2008). Mrakiella cryoconiti gen. nov., sp. nov., a psychrophilic, anamorphic, basidiomycetous yeast from alpine and arctic habitats. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 58(12), 2977-2982.
Weiss, M., Bauer, R., Sampaio, J. P., & Oberwinkler, F. (2014). 12 Tremellomycetes and Related Groups. In Systematics and Evolution (pp. 331-355). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Recent Genus
DextrinocystidiumAmylofungus
Phallobata
Recent Species
Dextrinocystidium sacratumAmylofungus corrosus
Phallobata alba