Volvopluteus
Volvopluteus Vizzini, Contu & Justo, in Justo et al. Fungal Biology 115(1): 15 (2011)
Etymology: A genero Pluteo differt basidiosporis saepe elongatis et conspicue crassotunicatis, epicute pilei gelatinosa, volva conspicua et structura molecularis.
Basidiocarps pluteoid with universal veil remnants present as a volva at stipe base. Pileus conical to plano-convex, viscid. Lamellae free, whitish when young, later pink or pinkish brown. Stipe central, cylindrical, usually wider towards the base. Volva membranous, saccate, white. Spore print pink or pinkish brown.
Basidiospores ellipsoid to oblong, thick walled (up to 1 – 1.5 µm), smooth, without germ pore, inamyloid, non-dextrinoid, cyanophilus, with guttular content, average length over 11 µm. Basidia commonly 4-spored, but 2-spored and 1-spored basidia also occur. Pleurocystidia present or absent, thinwalled. Cheilocystidia present or absent, thin-walled. Hymenophoral trama inverse. Pileipellis an ixocutis composed of relatively thin, cylindrical hyphae, 2 – 10 (15) µm wide, embedded in a thick (100 – 450 µm) gelatinous matrix. Stipitipellis a cutis, composed of cylindrical hyphae 5 – 15 µm wide. Caulocystidia present, as cylindrical septate hairs, or absent. Universal veil composed of densely interwoven cylindrical hyphae. Clamp-connections absent.
Index Fungorum number: IF518591
Type species: Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo, in Justo et al. Fungal Biology 115(1): 15 (2011)
Habitat – saprotrophic, terrestrial, in gardens, grassy fields, in or outside forests, on accumulations of vegetable matter (compost, wood chips).
Distribution – widespread. Volvopluteus gloiocephalus has been reported from all continents except Antarctica, and molecular data confirms that this species occurs, at least, in Europe and California (Justo et al. 2010).
Species
Volvopluteus asiaticus Justo & Minnis 2011
Volvopluteus diversisporus M. Kaur & Yadw. Singh 2014
Volvopluteus earlei (Murrill) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011
Volvopluteus earlei f. earlei (Murrill) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus f. gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus var. gloiocephalus (DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011
Volvopluteus michiganensis (A.H. Sm.) Justo & Minnis 2011
Volvopluteus shafferii M. Kaur & Yadw. Singh 2014
References:
Justo, A.; Minnis, A.M.; Menolli Jr., N.; Capelari, M.; Rodríguez, O.; Malysheva, E.; Hibbett, D.S. 2011. Phylogeny of the Pluteaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota): taxonomy and character evolution. Fungal Biology. 115(1):1-20
Justo A, Minnis AM, Ghignone S, MenolliNJr, Capelari M, Rodríguez O, Malysheva E, Contu M, Vizzini A, 2010. Species recognition in Pluteus and Volvopluteus (Pluteaceae, Agaricales): morphology, geography and phylogeny. Mycological Progress, doi:10.1007/s11557-010-0716-z.
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