Bryoclavula phycophila
Bryoclavula phycophila H. Masumoto & Y. Degawa 2020, in Masumoto & Degawa, Mycological Progress, 19(7), 705-714 (2020).
Etymology: phycophila = phyco (Greek) + philus (Latin), referring to “algal” + “loving”
Diagnosis: Thallus formed on unidentified senescent bryophytes growing on a moist rock surface, gelatinous, bright green, amorphous, undifferentiated, composed of spherical photobiont cells loosely surrounded by mycobiont hyphae, not developed to form a globular thallus like Multiclavula species. Photobiont green algae, cells subglobose, 8.2–13.8 μm in diam, containing a pyrenoid and several oil droplets, each algal cell loosely surrounded by mycobiont hyphae of 1.9–3.0 μm thick. Basidiomata dispersed on unidentified senescent bryophytes growing on a moist rock surface, fleshy, simple, rarely branched, clavate or fusiform, 1.6–3.8 mm high, 0.2–0.6 mm wide, whitish to pale cream, apex broadly to narrowly rounded, with a basal stipe, 0.9–2.8 mm high, 140–300 μm wide, usually less than half the length of basidiomata, subtranslucent. Trama hyphae 2–6 μm in diam, parallel aligned, hyaline, clamped, then- to slightly thick-walled (wall up to 0.6 μm thick), densely agglutinated. Hymenium 55–90 μm thick. Basidia 25–50 × 5–8 μm, clavate to suburniform, thin-walled, hyaline, with a basal clamp connection, with (2)4–6(7) sterigmata, 2.2–5.0 μm long. Basidiospores (4.4)5.6–6.6(7.5) × (2.4)2.7– 3.2(3.6) μm [av. ± std. 6.09 ± 0.54 × 2.94 ± 0.25 μm, n = 150], Q = (1.5)1.9–2.3(2.7) [av. ± std. 2.09 ± 0.23, n = 150], narrowly ellipsoid to elongate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, inamyloid, usually guttulate. Colonies on PDA slow growing, reaching 1.1–1.3 cm in diam after 2 months at 20 °C in the dark, velvety, creamto pale brown in center, whitish in outer part, with undulate margin.
Index Fungorum Number: IF833864
Notes: As a result of the observation on the lichenized thallus of Bryoclavula phycophila by LM and TEM, the hyphae loosely surrounded each algal cell (Figure 2h, i) but did not enclose multiple algal cells to form the globular thallus-like Multiclavula. No haustoria were observed. Though it is unclear that the photobiont has a pyrenoid by LM, TEM observation clearly revealed that the photobiont cell has a pyrenoid associated with starch grains (Figure 2k–m).
Figure 1. Maximum-likelihood (ML) tree of Cantharellales based on nrLSU (D1/D2) sequences, showing the placement of Bryoclavula phycophila. ML-bootstrap proportion (BP) > 70%and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) > 0.95 are indicated. Branches supported byML-BP > 70% and PP > 0.95 are shown in thick lines. Sequences obtained in this study are shown in bold. The scale bar represents the nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 2. Bryoclavula phycophila (TNS-F-79667, holotype). a Habitat, a large rock outcrop. The dotted circle represents the area where B. phycophila occurred. b Basidiomata on senescent bryophytes growing on a moist rock surface. c Details of basidiomata with a subtranslucent stipe. d Basidium with a basal clamp connection (arrowhead). e Basidiospores. f Culture (NBRC 114394) grown on PDA for two months at 20 °C. g Amorphous thallus. h–j Details of thallus. A Double arrowhead indicates a hyphal ring that once surrounded the photobiont cell. k, l TEM images of the thallus. Photobiont cells contains a pyrenoid (arrows). m TEM image of a pyrenoid of the photobiont cell. d, e, i, and j are mounted in 3% KOH and stained with 1% Congo red. hy = hyphae, p = pyrenoid structure, ph = photobiont cells, s = starch grains, t = thylakoid membrane. Scale bars: b, f = 5 mm; c = 1 mm; g = 500 μm; h = 20 μm; d, i, j = 10 μm; e = 5 μm; k, l = 2 μm; m= 500 nm.
Reference:
Masumoto, H., & Degawa, Y. (2020). Bryoclavula phycophila gen. et sp. nov. belonging to a novel lichenized lineage in Cantharellales (Basidiomycota). Mycological Progress, 19(7), 705-714.
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